What are the characteristics of foam fire extinguishing agents, dry powder extinguishing agent and carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents?

Characteristics of foam extinguishing agent: From an environmental perspective, foam extinguishing agent generate minimal pollution during firefighting and have little impact on the environment. This is because they mainly consist of water, surfactants, and other additives, which quickly decompose during firefighting and do not cause long-term pollution to the environment. Additionally, foam extinguishing agent cause minimal damage to the objects being extinguished, unlike some chemical extinguishing agents that may have corrosive effects. This is significant for protecting valuable items and avoiding secondary losses. Furthermore, foam extinguishing agent exhibit excellent firefighting effectiveness by rapidly covering the fire source, suppressing flame spread by isolating air and reducing temperature. This coverage effectively prevents fire expansion, providing valuable time for firefighting operations. Moreover, foam extinguishing agent have good adhesion, tightly adhering to the surface of the fire source to form a protective layer, preventing reignition. Finally, foam extinguishing agent have relatively low toxicity, enhancing safety for operators during firefighting operations.
Characteristics of dry powder extinguishing agent: dry powder extinguishing agent are preferred for firefighting in many places due to their high extinguishing power and fast action. Their main advantage lies in their ability to rapidly cover the fire source and extinguish fires by suppressing the combustion chain reaction, quickly controlling the fire. The main components of dry powder extinguishing agent are sodium bicarbonate or ammonium phosphate salts, which rapidly decompose upon encountering flames, producing large amounts of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas to reduce oxygen concentration around the fire source and remove heat. Additionally, dry powder particles can adhere to the surface of the flames, forming an insulating layer to further prevent flame spread. This multi-faceted firefighting mechanism makes dry powder extinguishing agent highly effective in quickly controlling fires and preventing further spread. Furthermore, dry powder extinguishing agent are relatively easy to operate, requiring no complex steps or skills, enabling rapid deployment in emergencies. They can be used in various locations, including homes, offices, and factories, to combat different types of fires such as solid material fires, liquid fires, and gas fires, making them a versatile and practical firefighting tool. However, dry powder extinguishing agent may cause some issues during use. Due to the corrosive nature of dry powder particles, they may cause damage to objects being extinguished. Therefore, prompt site cleaning is necessary after using dry powder extinguishing agent to prevent long-term damage caused by powder residue. Additionally, for certain items such as electronic equipment or precision instruments, dry powder extinguishing agent may not be suitable due to their sensitivity to corrosion. In such cases, other types of extinguishing agents or methods should be chosen.
Characteristics of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents: carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents demonstrate unique advantages during firefighting due to their clean, residue-free nature. After firefighting, carbon dioxide completely vaporizes, leaving no residue, eliminating the need for additional cleaning. This characteristic makes carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents particularly suitable for places with high cleanliness requirements, such as precision equipment rooms and cleanrooms. Additionally, because there is no residue, they do not cause water damage, which is significant for protecting objects from secondary damage. Furthermore, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents have low toxicity and high efficiency with minimal corrosion. They pose minimal health risks to humans during use and can safely protect sensitive equipment and items prone to corrosion, such as electronic devices and metal artworks. These characteristics enable carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents to deliver excellent firefighting results in various locations, especially those requiring special attention to safety and protection. However, when handling carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents, precautions should be taken. Contact with the skin in its liquefied state may cause extreme cold burns, and when used in confined spaces, carbon dioxide, being denser than air, may accumulate at the bottom, posing a risk of suffocation. Therefore, operators should wear protective gloves when using carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents and ensure operations are conducted in well-ventilated environments to avoid prolonged inhalation of carbon dioxide.